
The theme of the reading and thinking is about “Understanding how a problem was solved”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking is about international co-work to protect the Mount Tai, in which the students from seven countries came up with many solutions even create the Mount Tai App. This section aims at showing how to solve a difficult and even tough problem about protecting the cultural heritage by the international co-work. So in this section, cultivating students’ international awareness is very clear and important. Concretely, with the economic development, how to balance the protection of cultural relics and social development is a big challenge for human. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build the Aswan Dam across the Nile to control floods, produce electricity and water farms. But the proposal led to protests because it would destroy a lot of cultural relics. The Egyptian had no choice but ask the UN for help. Therefore, a international cooperation about how to protect the cultural relics began, which involved the time length about 20 years and a large amount of fund. Then, the problems was solved. 1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation4. Have the international awareness and understand the great strength of international cooperation.1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline.3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation.

This unit is about the Internet, which has a great influence to our humans and our lives. During the Listening & Speaking & Talking and Reading and Thinking section, the influence in examples has been shown. Thus, use the Present Perfect Tense is appropriate. However, in order to show the justice or weaken the doer of the behavior/action, it’s better to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice than the Present Perfect Tense. Besides, having learned to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice, students can beautify their language in their writing. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. Step 1 Observe the following sentences, then change the sentences into passive voice.He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.(肯定句)他已被挑選出來(lái)參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。The ink has not been removed from his overcoat.(否定句)墨跡還沒(méi)有從他外套上去掉。

Paragraph 3. Jan decided to start an IT club to teach old people how to use computers and the Internet. Paragraph 4. Jan has started taking online classes to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Paragraph 5. Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet. Step 5: Critical thinking:(1)How do you arrange your time spent on study and the Internet? Is it reasonable? I usually surf the Internet using my mobile phone for only an hour after class, and it is reasonable for me.(2)What are your online activities? Are they safe? I chat with my friends, read news and play games. I never give away my private information so I think they are safe.Step 4: summary Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)______(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)_____(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) _________________(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)_____(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)___(she) company. She joined an online group (6)______ she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)_______(benefit). She was so inspired (8)____ she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)___ children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)______(great) improved by the Internet. Step 5 Homework:Review what we have learned and find out the key language points in the text.

⑦identity theft 身份盜竊⑧chat room 聊天室⑨draft your blog post 起草博客帖子⑩post embarrassing photos 張貼尷尬照片 【話題句式】 1. How do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet? 你如何在網(wǎng)上保持安全, 避免在網(wǎng)上的不良經(jīng)歷? 2. I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two. 我不是專家, 但作為一個(gè)博主, 我已經(jīng)學(xué)了好幾年了。 3. If you see or read something that makes you feel uncomfortable, leave the site immediately. 如果你看到或讀到一些讓你覺(jué)得不舒服的東西, 立即離開(kāi)這個(gè)網(wǎng)站。4. Don’t give out your address or phone number. 別告訴別人你的地址或電話號(hào)碼。 5. Identity theft is a common and serious problem. 身份盜竊是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)而嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。6. Being online is no excuse for being rude, and you don’t want to become a target for a troll or cyberbully. 上網(wǎng)并不是無(wú)禮的借口, 你也不想成為發(fā)挑釁帖子的人或網(wǎng)絡(luò)惡霸的目標(biāo)。 7. Trolls often use several false names so that they can stay on a site. 發(fā)挑釁帖子的人經(jīng)常使用幾個(gè)假名, 這樣他們就可以留在一個(gè)網(wǎng)站上。8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。

Features of languages1.Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.該句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。該句主句為:the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK;which resulted in the full name we have today為which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句代指前面整句話的內(nèi)容,we have today為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞name。譯文:最后,在20世紀(jì),愛(ài)爾蘭南部脫離英國(guó),這導(dǎo)致了我們今天有的英國(guó)的全名:大不列顛及北愛(ài)爾蘭聯(lián)合王國(guó)。2.Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.該句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。該句主句為:you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people;其中Almost everywhere you go in the UK為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句; who took over at different times throughout history為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞people。譯文:幾乎無(wú)論你走到英國(guó)的任何地方,你都會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)歷史上有四種不同的人在不同的時(shí)期統(tǒng)治過(guò)英國(guó)。3.The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.該句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。該句主句為:The capital city London is a great place to start; as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.為原因狀語(yǔ)從句;dating all the way back to Roman times為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾history。

This section focuses on "learning about experiencing music Online". This virtual choir is a new form of music performance. Members from all over the world don't need to love to come to a place. Instead, they use the new technology to model the various parts and wonderful virtual harmony group of music in the family. Students need to understand the main meaning of each paragraph. Finding topic sentences is an important way to understand the general idea of a paragraph. After the topic sentence, it is usually the detail sentence that supports and explains the topic sentence. Some paragraphs have obvious subject sentences, for example, the first sentence of the second paragraph is the subject sentence of the paragraph, and the following sentenceStudents need to pay attention to the topic sentences and key sentences, and then pay attention to how the sentences after the meaning explain, explain and support the topic sentences or key sentences before.1.Guide students to learn about experiencing music online2.Guide students to scan and circle the information in the text.3.Guide students to find the numbers and dates to fill in the timeline.4.Guide students to learn more about music by completing the sentences with the correct forms of the words and phrases. And then make a mind map about the outline of the passage.1. Guide students to pay attention to reading strategies, such as prediction, self-questioning and scanning.2. Help students sort out the main meaning of each paragraph and understand the narrative characteristics of "timeline” in illustrative style.3. Lead students to understand the changes that have been caused by the Internet.

方法點(diǎn)撥教師:有的同學(xué)敘述事實(shí)論據(jù)時(shí),不突出重點(diǎn)和精華,不注意取舍,水分太多,有許多的敘述描寫(xiě),有時(shí)還有詳細(xì)的故事情節(jié),文章幾乎成了記敘文,使文章的論點(diǎn)無(wú)法得到充分的證明,這是寫(xiě)議論文的大忌。那么:議論文中的記敘有哪些特點(diǎn)?同學(xué)各抒己見(jiàn)。投影顯示:1.議論中的記敘不是單純的寫(xiě)人記事,記敘文字是為議論服務(wù)的,其目的是為作者所闡明的道理提供事實(shí)依據(jù)。所以,在記敘時(shí)要求簡(jiǎn)潔、概括,舍棄其中的細(xì)節(jié),僅僅交代清楚事件或者人物的概貌即可,一般不在各種描寫(xiě)手段上下功夫,只要把能證明觀點(diǎn)的那個(gè)部分、側(cè)面交代清楚就行了。2.議論文中的記敘性文字不得超過(guò)總字?jǐn)?shù)的1/3,否則視為文體不當(dāng)。能力提升一、教師:了解了議論文中的記敘的特點(diǎn),接下來(lái)我們看看今天的話題:“愛(ài)的奉獻(xiàn)”,你想從哪個(gè)角度立論?有哪些素材?

一、知識(shí)和技能1.使學(xué)生了解地球的圈層構(gòu)造,初步掌握地球內(nèi)部圈層的組成和劃分依據(jù)2.使學(xué)生了解各內(nèi)部圈層的界限、厚度、物理性狀等。二、過(guò)程和方法1.使學(xué)生了解研究地球內(nèi)部構(gòu)造的方法,從而認(rèn)識(shí)人類對(duì)未知事物所進(jìn)行的探索實(shí)踐,激發(fā)同學(xué)們學(xué)科學(xué)、愛(ài)科學(xué)的興趣及責(zé)任感。2.了解地球內(nèi)部圈層劃分實(shí)況及各層主要特點(diǎn),從宏觀上認(rèn)識(shí)全球的整體面貌,形成地球系統(tǒng)觀念。3.通過(guò)歸納、總結(jié)、對(duì)比地球內(nèi)部各層的特點(diǎn),對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行綜合歸納等思維能力的培養(yǎng)和訓(xùn)練。三、情感、態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行熱愛(ài)自然、熱愛(ài)科學(xué)的教育,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生獻(xiàn)身于科學(xué)教育事業(yè)?!窘虒W(xué)重點(diǎn)】1.地震波的波速及傳播特點(diǎn),區(qū)別橫波與縱波。2.地球內(nèi)部圈層劃分實(shí)況及各層主要特點(diǎn),特別是地殼的特點(diǎn)。3.巖石圈概念,軟流層知識(shí)。

知識(shí)和技能 1、理解自然地理環(huán)境整體性的基本內(nèi)涵。2、了解自然地理環(huán)境整體性的表現(xiàn)3、使學(xué)生樹(shù)立普遍聯(lián)系的觀點(diǎn),再利用和改造自然中要充分考慮各地理要素的關(guān)系,避免“牽一發(fā)而動(dòng)全身”。過(guò)程與方法 1、自主學(xué)習(xí),分析 討論法。2、探究與活動(dòng), 理解地理環(huán)境的整體性。3、利用景觀 圖片分析地理環(huán)境的整體性。情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀幫助學(xué)生樹(shù)立事物是普遍聯(lián)系的思想 ,在利用自然中要做到統(tǒng)籌考慮。教學(xué) 重點(diǎn)1、地理環(huán)境整體性的原因。2、地理要素間相互作用產(chǎn)生新功能。3、自然地理環(huán)境的演化過(guò)程具有統(tǒng)一性。4、自然地理環(huán)境要素會(huì)“牽一發(fā)而動(dòng)全身”。教學(xué) 難點(diǎn)地理要素間相互作用產(chǎn)生新功能;自然地理環(huán)境具有同一演化過(guò) 程。教具、資料多媒體課件、景觀圖片課時(shí)安排

學(xué)生已學(xué)習(xí)水循環(huán)和巖石圈物質(zhì)循環(huán),對(duì)地理環(huán)境要素有初步的認(rèn)識(shí),對(duì)物質(zhì)遷移和能量的交換有一定的了解,已具備基本的地理閱讀分析、提取信息的能力。但學(xué)生還缺乏綜合分析問(wèn)題解決問(wèn)題的能力,通過(guò)案例來(lái)幫助學(xué)生對(duì)自然地理環(huán)境整體性的認(rèn)識(shí),還需要補(bǔ)充光合作用、分解作用等知識(shí),并進(jìn)一步培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合分析地理問(wèn)題的能力。三、說(shuō)教法案例教學(xué)、啟發(fā)式講授四、說(shuō)學(xué)法學(xué)生原有的地理基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)不扎實(shí),學(xué)習(xí)地理方法簡(jiǎn)單;但學(xué)生思維活躍,有強(qiáng)烈的求知欲,所以在學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中,老師應(yīng)充分利用這一點(diǎn),調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的積極性,激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。學(xué)案導(dǎo)學(xué)法;合作探究法;案例分析法等,自主學(xué)習(xí)、合作學(xué)習(xí),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)的能力、團(tuán)隊(duì)精神,增強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)效果;體會(huì)自然地理環(huán)境的整體性和復(fù)雜性,將學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)內(nèi)化到行動(dòng)上。

四、穩(wěn)態(tài)的重要意義 為什么內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài)失調(diào)后,會(huì)對(duì)機(jī)體造成危害?引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從細(xì)胞代謝需要的物質(zhì)和條件進(jìn)行分析,最后總結(jié)出:內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài)是機(jī)體進(jìn)行正常生命活動(dòng)的必要條件。如何預(yù)防內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài)失調(diào)、保持機(jī)體健康?引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從外界環(huán)境和機(jī)體自身調(diào)節(jié)能力兩個(gè)方面去思考。即通過(guò)加強(qiáng)自我保健,減少外界環(huán)境變化對(duì)機(jī)體的不良影響,同時(shí)增強(qiáng)機(jī)體的調(diào)節(jié)能力以適應(yīng)多變的外界環(huán)境。具體如何做?學(xué)生討論,總結(jié)。1.保護(hù)我們的生存環(huán)境,防治環(huán)境污染。2.加強(qiáng)體育鍛煉,增強(qiáng)體質(zhì),提高機(jī)體適應(yīng)外界環(huán)境的能力。3.加強(qiáng)自我保健,為機(jī)體保持健康創(chuàng)造有利條件。尤其是處于比較惡劣的工作環(huán)境中的人,更應(yīng)注意自身保健,如邊防戰(zhàn)士注意保暖、煉鋼工人注意降溫、抗洪戰(zhàn)士注意補(bǔ)充水鹽等。了解這些知識(shí)后才能懂得如何關(guān)愛(ài)自身和他人。

過(guò)渡:下面我們從時(shí)間角度分析世界人口數(shù)量變化的趨勢(shì)是怎樣的呢?為什么會(huì)這樣呢?板書(shū):1、人口自然增長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間變化(引導(dǎo)學(xué)生讀課本圖1.2和圖1.3,讓學(xué)生分析)教師首先讓學(xué)生說(shuō)出閱讀地理曲線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖的一般步驟和方法,然后總結(jié)歸納:1、 讀圖名。2、 讀各個(gè)坐標(biāo)分別表示什么變量(兩圖橫坐標(biāo)均表示時(shí)間,縱坐標(biāo)均為相應(yīng)時(shí)期人口數(shù))。3、 判讀圖形變化特征(兩圖中曲線曲率的變化反映對(duì)應(yīng)時(shí)段內(nèi)人口自然增長(zhǎng)率的大小)。4、 思考變量之間的因果關(guān)系(兩圖均反映不同歷史時(shí)期世界人口數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)的不同特點(diǎn))。問(wèn):世界人口數(shù)量變化的總趨勢(shì)是什么?(讓學(xué)生結(jié)合課本P2讀圖思考題,分析回答同時(shí)讓學(xué)生閱讀課本圖1.3,在圖1.2中找出圖1.3所在的時(shí)段,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生自學(xué)P3第一段,讓學(xué)生分析近100年全球人口快速增長(zhǎng)的原因。最后師生共同歸納總結(jié),填寫(xiě)下表。)

寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo):第一題要求寫(xiě)出自然美,在自然美中融進(jìn)自己的感情。小路、流水、山巒、森林、天空、大?!际菍?shí)體事物,因此首先要求用寫(xiě)生的辦法把它們表現(xiàn)出來(lái),要寫(xiě)得準(zhǔn)確,寫(xiě)出它們的特點(diǎn)和個(gè)性,尤其是寫(xiě)出它們的美。同時(shí),也要把贊美之情不落痕跡地融化在描寫(xiě)之中。第二題是寫(xiě)一幅風(fēng)景畫(huà)或一張風(fēng)景照片中的自然美景,以及美景中的一些細(xì)節(jié),同時(shí)把自己心動(dòng)的感覺(jué)寫(xiě)出來(lái)。在這里,關(guān)鍵是找到畫(huà)或照片中的美,找到心動(dòng)的感覺(jué),如果找到了,再用文字把這美和感覺(jué)表達(dá)出來(lái)。當(dāng)然,寫(xiě)風(fēng)景美和寫(xiě)自己的感覺(jué)應(yīng)是乳水交融的。第三題是用動(dòng)情的筆墨把自己的一種經(jīng)歷寫(xiě)出來(lái)。這些經(jīng)歷似乎都是細(xì)節(jié),都不是驚天動(dòng)地的大事。是細(xì)節(jié),就容易碰到,在題目列舉的四種中,學(xué)生不難找到。即使不在這四種中,也可以,只要這種經(jīng)歷給了自己心靈以震撼或潛移默化的影響。

一、對(duì)教材分析1、地位和作用課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)本課的基本要求是:闡明科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的涵義和說(shuō)明全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)目標(biāo),最根本的是以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心,不斷解放和發(fā)展社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力。這一課在新教材中有著重要地位,且對(duì)我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)生活具有深遠(yuǎn)的指導(dǎo)意義和教育意義。同時(shí)對(duì)學(xué)生樹(shù)立科學(xué)發(fā)展觀有著重要的導(dǎo)向作用,對(duì)學(xué)生樹(shù)立共同理想和遠(yuǎn)大理想有著重大的影響作用。因此,本課書(shū)是新教材的教育目的和歸宿。2、教學(xué)目標(biāo)(1)知識(shí)目標(biāo):了解總體小康水平的特征和全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的要求;理解科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的科學(xué)內(nèi)涵;運(yùn)用促進(jìn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)又好又快發(fā)展的措施的基本要求。(2)能力目標(biāo) :能準(zhǔn)確把握科學(xué)發(fā)展觀科學(xué)內(nèi)涵的理解能力;可以運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)解決現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題、參與經(jīng)濟(jì)生活的能力。(3)情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀目標(biāo):通過(guò)總體小康社會(huì)的建設(shè)增強(qiáng)民族自豪感;牢固樹(shù)立科學(xué)發(fā)展觀;增強(qiáng)節(jié)約意識(shí);增強(qiáng)參與經(jīng)濟(jì)生活的自覺(jué)性。

1、變換角度,多向思維(多向思維要求思維能針對(duì)問(wèn)題,從不同角度,用多種方法去思考問(wèn)題。對(duì)于作文而言,就是要使學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)同一問(wèn)題,同一素材,同一題目,同一體裁的不同進(jìn)行區(qū)分。)請(qǐng)學(xué)生從這則材料中分析出幾個(gè)角度,準(zhǔn)備課堂交流:19世紀(jì)法國(guó)著名科幻小說(shuō)家儒勒?凡爾納,一生寫(xiě)了104部科幻小說(shuō)。當(dāng)初他的第一部科幻小說(shuō)《氣球上的星期五》接連被15家出版社退回。他當(dāng)時(shí)既痛苦又氣憤,打算將稿子付之一炬。他妻子奪過(guò)書(shū)稿,給他以鼓勵(lì)。于是他嘗試著走進(jìn)第16家出版社。經(jīng)理赫哲爾閱讀后,當(dāng)即表示同意出版,還與儒勒?凡爾納簽訂了為期20年的寫(xiě)作出版合同。這則材料敘述時(shí)沒(méi)有一定的中心,屬于開(kāi)發(fā)性材料,分析材料中人物、人物關(guān)系、故事的不同側(cè)面,可以從不同角度得出結(jié)論:

【課件展示】《秦朝中央集權(quán)制度的建立》《教材簡(jiǎn)析》《教學(xué)目標(biāo)》《教法簡(jiǎn)介》《教學(xué)過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)及特色簡(jiǎn)述》【師】本節(jié)內(nèi)容以秦代政治體制和官僚系統(tǒng)的建立為核心內(nèi)容,主要包括秦朝中央集權(quán)制的建立的背景、建立過(guò)程及影響。本節(jié)內(nèi)容在整個(gè)單元中起到承前啟后的作用,在整個(gè)模塊中也有相當(dāng)重要的地位。讓學(xué)生了解中國(guó)古代中央集權(quán)政治體制的初建對(duì)于理解我國(guó)古代政治制度的發(fā)展乃至我們今天的政治體制是十分必要的。 本堂課我采用多媒體和講授法及歷史辯論法相結(jié)合,通過(guò)巧妙設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題情境,調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性,使學(xué)生主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí),探究思考。教師引導(dǎo)和組織學(xué)生采取小組討論、情景體驗(yàn)等方式,達(dá)到教學(xué)目標(biāo)。 本節(jié)內(nèi)容分三個(gè)部分,下面首先看秦朝中央集權(quán)制度建立的前提即秦的統(tǒng)一

1.澳大利亞混合農(nóng)業(yè)地域在生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)、經(jīng)營(yíng)方式、科技應(yīng)用、農(nóng)業(yè)專業(yè)化和地域化等方面有哪些特點(diǎn)?2.在澳大利亞混合農(nóng)業(yè)地 域形成的過(guò)程中,有哪些區(qū)位因素在起作用?學(xué)生發(fā)言,教師適當(dāng)引導(dǎo)、評(píng)點(diǎn)并作講解。[教師提問(wèn)]:那么,澳大利亞的墨累—達(dá)令盆地的區(qū)位因素有什么不足之處?知識(shí)拓展:課件展示澳大利亞大分水嶺的雨影效應(yīng)的形成原理及東水西調(diào)示意圖。[教師講解]:澳大利亞?wèn)|南部受大分水嶺的影響,降水集中于大分水嶺的東側(cè),在其西側(cè)形成山地的雨影效應(yīng),降水豐富地區(qū)與農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)地區(qū)分布不一致,灌溉成為澳大利亞農(nóng)牧業(yè)發(fā)展的限制性條件。因此,澳大利亞對(duì)水利工程建設(shè)很 重視,東水西調(diào)促進(jìn)了墨累—達(dá)令盆地農(nóng)牧業(yè)的發(fā)展。[課堂小結(jié)]:這節(jié)課我們學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位選擇的基本原理。 通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)我們了解到,農(nóng)業(yè)的區(qū)位選擇實(shí)質(zhì)上就是對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)土地的合理利用。

1.促使美國(guó)成為一個(gè)移民國(guó)家的因素是:①美洲屬于未開(kāi)發(fā)的新大陸,需要大量的勞動(dòng)力;②歐洲失業(yè)工人和破產(chǎn)農(nóng)民增加,人們?yōu)榱俗非蟾玫慕?jīng)濟(jì)待遇遷往美洲;③新航線的開(kāi)辟為人們順利遷移掃除了障礙;④殖民擴(kuò)張是人口遷移的促進(jìn)因素,加快了人口遷移的過(guò)程。導(dǎo)致美國(guó)人口在本土范圍內(nèi)頻繁遷移的原因,歸納起來(lái)有:第一次人口遷移是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)因素,第二次是城市化;第三次是自然環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境的變化;第四次是經(jīng)濟(jì)格局的變化,即西部和南部新資源的發(fā)現(xiàn)和新興工業(yè)的發(fā)展。2.我國(guó)古代的人口遷移,深受統(tǒng)治者及其行政力量的束縛。封建帝王為了加強(qiáng)本國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和軍事實(shí)力,對(duì)人口遷移嚴(yán)加控制。只有當(dāng)戰(zhàn)亂發(fā)生的時(shí)候,這種控制才得到削弱,人們?yōu)榱硕惚軕?zhàn)亂,尋找安定的生活環(huán)境,不得不進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的遷移。我國(guó)近幾十年的人口遷移主要是由生產(chǎn)資料和勞動(dòng)力數(shù)量上的地區(qū)分布不平衡造成的,是經(jīng)濟(jì)因素在起主導(dǎo)作用,與古代的人口遷移截然不同。

二、相對(duì)論的創(chuàng)立【課件】展示下列材料艾伯特·愛(ài)因斯坦(1879——1955),1879年3月14日誕生在德國(guó)烏爾姆的一個(gè)猶太人家中。1894年舉家遷居意大利米蘭。1900年畢業(yè)于瑞士蘇黎世工業(yè)大學(xué)。愛(ài)因斯坦被認(rèn)為是最富于創(chuàng)造力的科學(xué)家,他不但創(chuàng)立了相對(duì)論,還提出了光量子的概念,得出了光電效應(yīng)的基本定律,并揭示了光的波粒二重性本質(zhì),為量子力學(xué)的建立奠定基礎(chǔ)。為此榮獲1921年度的諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。同時(shí),他還證明了熱的分子運(yùn)動(dòng)論,提出了測(cè)定分子大小的新方法?!締?wèn)題】19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初愛(ài)因斯坦對(duì)物理學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)是什么?意義是什么?為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)?1、背景:經(jīng)典物理學(xué)的危機(jī)。19世紀(jì)末三大發(fā)現(xiàn):x射線、放射性和電子,經(jīng)典力學(xué)無(wú)法解釋研究中的新問(wèn)題,如:黑體輻射、光電效應(yīng)等。2、相對(duì)論的提出及主要內(nèi)容:(1)“狹義相對(duì)論”和光速不變?cè)恚?905年提出。

6、思考:作者心目中的梁?jiǎn)⒊鞘裁葱蜗竽兀棵鞔_:梁任公是位有學(xué)問(wèn),有文采,有熱心腸的學(xué)者。由學(xué)生找出文中體現(xiàn)梁?jiǎn)⒊瑢W(xué)問(wèn)、文采的句子。教師展示幻燈。補(bǔ)充介紹:文采不僅體現(xiàn)在書(shū)面,也能從流暢的口語(yǔ)表達(dá)中反映?!扼眢笠范潭淌痔N(yùn)涵了什么故事,竟讓梁?jiǎn)⒊枋龅蒙鷦?dòng)感人以至作者多年后還印象深刻呢?《箜篌引》出自《漢樂(lè)府詩(shī)》,記敘了一個(gè)悲慘壯烈的故事:朝鮮水兵在水邊撐船巡邏時(shí),見(jiàn)一個(gè)白發(fā)狂夫提壺渡江,被水沖走。他的妻子勸阻不及,悲痛欲絕,取出箜篌對(duì)著江水反復(fù)吟唱。一曲終了,她也投河隨夫而去。朝鮮水兵回家向自己的妻子麗玉講述了這個(gè)故事,麗玉援引故事中的悲情,創(chuàng)作了這首歌曲,聽(tīng)過(guò)的人無(wú)不動(dòng)容。7、朗讀訓(xùn)練了解《箜篌引》的故事后,請(qǐng)各小組選派代表朗讀,由學(xué)生點(diǎn)評(píng),體會(huì)梁?jiǎn)⒊葜v技巧的高超。8、文中說(shuō)梁任公是個(gè)熱心腸的人,你同意嗎?通過(guò)結(jié)尾段的“熱心腸”轉(zhuǎn)入對(duì)其人格的分析。
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