
學(xué)法指導(dǎo):高一學(xué)生對文言文閱讀已具備了一些基礎(chǔ)知識和積累,但對如何學(xué)習(xí)文言文,還是一個新課題,因此教師應(yīng)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生掌握學(xué)習(xí)方法,運(yùn)用已有的知識框架同化新信息,建立新的智能,逐步走向獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)的境界。一、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生利用課文注釋,使用工具書自己翻譯,必要時教師進(jìn)行點(diǎn)撥、解難,培養(yǎng)自學(xué)能力。二、告訴學(xué)生翻譯文言文要遵循的原則。三、調(diào)動學(xué)生思考、討論、交流的積極性,教師適時點(diǎn)撥,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、解決問題的能力。四、提示學(xué)生反復(fù)誦讀課文,體會文章所闡述的道理。五、鼓勵學(xué)生及時歸納學(xué)習(xí)文言文的方法,注意積累文言文知識。教學(xué)程序:教學(xué)本課可安排2課時。第一課時:1、導(dǎo)入新課:首先給學(xué)生介紹毛澤東的七絕詩《為李進(jìn)同志題所攝廬山仙人洞照》:“暮色蒼茫看勁松,亂云飛渡仍從容。天生一個仙人洞,無限風(fēng)光在險峰。”學(xué)生通過誦讀領(lǐng)會了“無限風(fēng)光在險峰”一句的含義。隨后因勢利導(dǎo),引出課題,指出今天我們要學(xué)習(xí)的王安石的《游褒禪山記》,就含有類似的深邃哲理。

本文篇幅較長,并且有一字句不易理解,因而對高一學(xué)生來說完全讀懂內(nèi)容有一些困難。這樣的話,老師就要做好引導(dǎo)工作,把一些難點(diǎn),或是出現(xiàn)詞類活用比較多,局勢比較特殊的句子,老師可以先給學(xué)生畫出來,存疑,或是與同學(xué)們一起討論解決。對那些不易懂的字詞就引導(dǎo)學(xué)生聯(lián)系上下文提供的語境、前后涉及的情節(jié)加以推測、判斷,以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生依據(jù)文脈推斷詞義的好方法。要求學(xué)生點(diǎn)出重點(diǎn)實詞、框出通假字,主要是為幫助學(xué)生積累和掌握一些文言文中常見的一詞多義、異讀現(xiàn)象、古今異義和通假現(xiàn)象的詞語,并進(jìn)一步得出規(guī)律,指導(dǎo)今后的文言文學(xué)習(xí)。詞類活用和特殊句式在文言文翻譯中難度較大,也是本文教學(xué)的兩大難點(diǎn)。要求學(xué)生標(biāo)出有活用現(xiàn)象的字和劃出句式特殊的句子,是基于兩點(diǎn)考慮:1、積累一定數(shù)量的第一手例句;2、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生加以分類,找出每類的相同特征,并抽取出來形成規(guī)律性的東西,從而上升到理性認(rèn)識,使學(xué)生能由學(xué)會一個到會學(xué)多個。翻譯過程中注重指導(dǎo)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成用符號法表示重點(diǎn)字句的好習(xí)慣,如點(diǎn)、框、圈、劃線等符號應(yīng)約定一致,便于突出翻譯中的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)及復(fù)習(xí)。我的提示著重歸納了實詞“制”“亡”“遺”“利”等,名詞活用、形容詞活用、使動用法,被動句、狀語后置句。

說教材A.教材簡析《琵琶行(并序)》是人教版《普通高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實驗教科書語文》必修3第二單元的一篇講讀課文。本單元學(xué)習(xí)的是唐代詩歌,共七首詩?!杜眯校ú⑿颍肥翘拼F(xiàn)實主義詩人白居易寫的一首歌行體長篇敘事詩,是我國古代敘事詩和音樂詩中的“千古絕喝”。詩歌主題鮮明、人物形象生動,抒情真切細(xì)膩,具有深刻的思想內(nèi)容和卓越的藝術(shù)技巧。B.教學(xué)目標(biāo)《全日制普通高中高級中學(xué)語文教學(xué)大綱》明確要求我們:在閱讀教學(xué)過程中要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生“感受文學(xué)形象,品味文學(xué)作品的語言和藝術(shù)技巧,初步鑒賞文學(xué)作品”。而本單元的教學(xué)要求是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生詩歌鑒賞的能力。根據(jù)教學(xué)大綱和單元教學(xué)要求,結(jié)合本課特點(diǎn),我制定本課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是:1.知識目標(biāo):了解文學(xué)常識;積累重點(diǎn)文言實詞;品味主旨句“同是天涯淪落人,相逢何必曾相識”的內(nèi)涵;感知作者把音樂描寫與聽者、演奏者的感情融為一體的寫作特點(diǎn)。

教材地位本課具有承上啟下的作用,前承文藝復(fù)興,后啟資產(chǎn)階級革命時代的到來,啟蒙運(yùn)動為資本主義社會構(gòu)建了一套政治藍(lán)圖,具有前瞻性,是近代第二次思想解放運(yùn)動。因此,本節(jié)內(nèi)容在整個教材中有著很重要的地位。教學(xué)目標(biāo)1、知識目標(biāo):(1)幫助學(xué)生了解啟蒙運(yùn)動的性質(zhì)、內(nèi)容和主要啟蒙 思想家及其主張。(2)理解啟蒙運(yùn)動興起的背景、影響。2、能力目標(biāo):(1)在討論和探究過程中訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的科學(xué)思維方法和自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力和掌握解題的方法。(2)通過指導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀啟蒙思想家的言論資料,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對歷史資料的理解和歸納能力。3、情感價值目標(biāo):(1)培養(yǎng)人文意識,強(qiáng)化法治觀念。(2)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作精神和競爭意識。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)(1)教學(xué)重點(diǎn):啟蒙思想家的主張及啟蒙運(yùn)動的影響。

f.有絲分裂的意義(討論分析教學(xué)),首先引導(dǎo)學(xué)生結(jié)合所學(xué)知識討論有絲分裂的的作用,最后有教師歸納總結(jié),并要求學(xué)生在理解的基礎(chǔ)上記憶。g.無絲分裂(圖形直觀教學(xué)、簡介),本部分內(nèi)容不是教學(xué)的重點(diǎn),內(nèi)容也相對簡單,所以我的教學(xué)方法是直接給學(xué)生展示掛圖,再進(jìn)行簡短介紹,讓學(xué)生了解即可。h.引出減數(shù)分裂的概念,為第五章學(xué)習(xí)打下基礎(chǔ)。小結(jié):新課講完以后由教師對本節(jié)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)鞏固和反饋:進(jìn)行一些課堂練習(xí)達(dá)到鞏固和反饋的作用。最后布置作業(yè),各種難度的作業(yè)題目均設(shè)置一些,其中簡單題比重大,難題要求學(xué)生選作,這樣提高學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)積極性。2教學(xué)媒體程序設(shè)計: 細(xì)胞周期的概念(多媒體課件演示周期動畫)植物細(xì)胞有絲分裂(多媒體課件演示分裂各期動畫)動植物細(xì)胞有絲分裂異同點(diǎn)(多媒體課件演示分裂各期動畫)有絲分裂過程中DNA和染色體數(shù)量的變化規(guī)律(掛圖演示,包括表格和函數(shù)圖象)

一、對教材內(nèi)容的處理根據(jù)新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求、知識的跨度、學(xué)生的認(rèn)知水平,我對教材內(nèi)容有增有減。二、教學(xué)策略的選用(一)運(yùn)用了模擬活動,強(qiáng)化學(xué)生的生活體驗,本框題知識所對應(yīng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象,學(xué)生已具有了一定的生活體驗,但是缺乏對這種體驗的深入思考。因此在進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化這種體驗的過程中進(jìn)行了思考和認(rèn)知,使知識從學(xué)生的生活體驗中來,從學(xué)生的思考探究中來,有助于提高學(xué)生的興趣,有助于充分調(diào)動學(xué)生現(xiàn)有的知識,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的各種能力,也有助于實現(xiàn)理論知識與實際生活的交融。(二)組織學(xué)生探究知識并形成新的知識我從學(xué)生的生活體驗入手,運(yùn)用案例等形式創(chuàng)設(shè)情境呈現(xiàn)問題,使學(xué)生在自主探索、合作交流的過程中,發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、分析問題、解決問題,在問題的分析與解決中主動構(gòu)建知識。也正是由于這些認(rèn)識來自于學(xué)生自身的體驗,因此學(xué)生不僅“懂”了,而且“信”了。從內(nèi)心上認(rèn)同這些觀點(diǎn),進(jìn)而能夠主動地內(nèi)化為自己的情感、態(tài)度、價值觀,并融入到實踐活動中去,有助于實現(xiàn)知、行、信的統(tǒng)一。

在學(xué)生明確了稅收的含義之后,我將分別對稅收的三個基本特征進(jìn)行解析。在講解了之后,并分別用實例對其進(jìn)行說明,加深學(xué)生對知識點(diǎn)的印象。最重要的是,總結(jié)出關(guān)鍵的字眼,使得學(xué)生能夠清晰的區(qū)分出稅收的三個基本特征。將強(qiáng)制性概括為依法征稅、依法納稅;無償性概括為不具有償還性和返還型;固定性概括為規(guī)定應(yīng)不應(yīng)納稅、納什么稅、納多少稅。并跟學(xué)生指出,強(qiáng)制性是基本前提,無償性是核心。由此根據(jù)書上的內(nèi)容,推導(dǎo)出稅收的三個基本特征相互之間的關(guān)系,即:三者缺一不可,統(tǒng)一于稅法。而且,無償性要求強(qiáng)制性,強(qiáng)制性保障無償性;而無償性與強(qiáng)制性又共同決定固定性。從而結(jié)束新課講授。3、課堂總結(jié)根據(jù)板書內(nèi)容重新回顧本課學(xué)習(xí)的主要內(nèi)容,包括稅收的含義,以及稅收的三個基本特征和它們之間的相互關(guān)系。4、作業(yè)布置讓學(xué)生預(yù)習(xí)稅收的種類的內(nèi)容,尤其是增值稅和個人所得稅。同時了解父母每月所繳納的個人所得稅和怎么計算的。

(三)課堂小結(jié)接著進(jìn)行課堂小結(jié),先讓學(xué)生自主總結(jié),教師結(jié)合學(xué)生的總結(jié),補(bǔ)充完善總結(jié)本節(jié)課的知識。并進(jìn)行感情升華。這樣設(shè)計課堂小結(jié),是為了讓學(xué)生學(xué)會自主總結(jié)知識,加深印象,教師總結(jié)幫助學(xué)生理清本課知識結(jié)構(gòu),并起到升華本節(jié)課的感情基調(diào),落實教學(xué)目標(biāo)。(四)課堂練習(xí)我將設(shè)計兩道題讓同學(xué)們做,鞏固課堂知識。本課題板書設(shè)計我主要采用大綱的形式展現(xiàn),讓學(xué)生一目了然,便于識記和理解主干知識。五、教學(xué)預(yù)測最后我對本節(jié)課教學(xué)的效果進(jìn)行預(yù)測:在這個教學(xué)過程中我都是從學(xué)生生活中感知的現(xiàn)象入手,設(shè)計情境,預(yù)設(shè)學(xué)生的分析,學(xué)生的體驗,學(xué)生的感知,教師的點(diǎn)撥等。設(shè)計問題,學(xué)生自主合作探究,完成教學(xué)!通過這樣的學(xué)習(xí)我想一定會收到較好的教學(xué)效果,當(dāng)然,在實際的教學(xué)中,肯定也會出現(xiàn)一些意想不到的情況,我還會根據(jù)教學(xué)過程中的動態(tài)變化,及時地調(diào)整和修改預(yù)設(shè)內(nèi)容。

2. let the Ss complete the forms paragraph by paragraph. Purpose here is to help Ss to get the habit of reading a passage as a whole, and pay attention to the organization of the text, as a result the Ss will fully understand the whole passage.3. ask Ss to retell the passage with the help of the key words in the form.Since the Ss in the class are in different levels, so I let them to fill in the blank to understand the meaning of the words and phrases better. ( That’s all for the while-reading. Now let’s move to the fifth step.)Step V: Post-reading (10mins) ---DiscussionIn this part students are asked to discuss in groups and list Wang Kun’s and Wang Wei’s attitudes about the trip. After that, Ss are encouraged to express their attitudes with the whole class. Collect their answers and don’t forget to praise them even if their answers may not be perfect.In this activity, discussion provides a vivid and active learning environment for Ss to communicate in English with newly learned language items. (Finally it comes to the homework.)StepⅥ: Homework (1min)1. Ss are required to read the text again after class and figure out the meaning of some complex sentences.2. Do the exercises on P19; This can help Ss to consolidate what they’ve learnt and make preparation for the next lessonPart4. Blackboard design.(說板書設(shè)計)On the top, there is the title of this lesson. On the left, there are main ideas for each paragraph. On the right, there are some new words and expressions.Unit 3 Travel journalJourney down the MekongMain idea of each para.:Para1: deciding to take a great bike trip along the Mekong river.Para2: Different attitudes between Wang kun and Wang wei.

Textbook: Senior English for China (Book 4), by Liu Daoyi Time Allotment: 1 period (40 minutes)Date: March 20, 2014Teaching aids: blackboard, Multi-media, Power Point, chalk I. Text Analysis (教材分析)This unit is about body language, and the text selected in the reading part demonstrates the difference and similarity of body language in many parts of the world. Through learning this passage, students are required to raise their awareness of using body language in different parts of the world. As body language is closely related to our daily life, it is easy to arouse students’ interest in learning this text. Reading skills and speaking training are designed around the text.II. Teaching Objectives (教學(xué)目標(biāo))By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:1. Language Skill Objective(語言技能目標(biāo)): develop reading ability (skimming and scanning)as well as speaking ability.2. Cultural Knowledge Objective(文化知識目標(biāo)): know about the cultural differences of using body language.3. Affective Objective(情感目標(biāo)): increase students’ awareness of using body language correctly in different cultures. III.Teaching Focuses and Difficulties(教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn))1. Teaching Focuses(教學(xué)重點(diǎn)): the difference and similarity of body language in many parts of the world.2. Teaching Difficulties(教學(xué)難點(diǎn)): develop students’ reading abilities of skimming and scanning and ask the students to show their opinions with fluent English.

(3)v. 給:提出;展現(xiàn),顯現(xiàn)present sb. with sth. ; present sth. to sb. 把. . 交給;頒發(fā);授予present sth. (for sth. )/present sth. to sb. e. g. Om his birthday, his friends presented him a collection of stamps. 在他生日時,他的朋友們送給他一套郵票作為禮物。The sword was presented by the family to the museum. 這家人把寶劍捐贈給了博物館。The committee will present the final report to Parliament in June. 委員會將在六月向議會提交最后的報告。You need to present yourself better. 你需要更善于展現(xiàn)自己。It is essential that we present a united front. 至關(guān)重要的是我們要表現(xiàn)得更加團(tuán)結(jié)。Step 4 ConsolidationT:Now that we have got a general idea of these words and phrases. Lets make up some sentences using them to master them. Suggested sentences:1. Your duties include typing letters and answering the telephone. 2. It is one of the greatest roles that she has played. 3. A large number of people have applied for the job. 4. The number of the panda is declining. 5. I'11 go there, even if I have to walk. 6. He came up to me to ask for a light. 7. The novel is about a family who can't communicate with each other. 8. He based his plan on interests of most people. 9. Why doesn't he make use of his singing talent?Step 5 Summary and homeworkT:Today we dealt with several new words and phrases. After class I hope that youcan read them again and again to keep them in mind. That's all for today. You aredismissed.

一. 教材分析1. 本單元的中心話題是“計算機(jī)(Computers)”,內(nèi)容涉及計算機(jī)的發(fā)展歷史,計算機(jī)的應(yīng)用等。本節(jié)課是該單元的第一課時,我將Warming up, Pre-reading and Comprehending這四部分整合為一節(jié)精讀課。其中。Reading部分是題為WHO AM I?的文章,以第一人稱的擬人手法介紹了計算機(jī)發(fā)長演變的歷史和計算機(jī)在各個領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用,其主旨是表達(dá)計算機(jī)的發(fā)展變化之快以及在生活中用途之廣。而Warming up部分以圖片的形式展現(xiàn)了計算機(jī)的發(fā)展歷程;Pre-reading中的問題和排序分別是為了預(yù)測語篇的內(nèi)容和測試學(xué)生對計算機(jī)歷史了解的情況;Comprehending則通過各項練習(xí)訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的閱讀技能,從而加深對文章的理解??梢娺@幾部分是一個有機(jī)的整體。2. 教學(xué)目標(biāo):1) 語言目標(biāo):重點(diǎn)詞匯及短語:abacus, calculate, calculator, PC, laptop, PDA, robot, analytical, technological, universal, mathematical, artificial, intelligent, network, explore, in common, as a result.重點(diǎn)句子:a. My real father was Alan Turing, who in 1963 wrote a book to describe how computers could be made to work, and build a “universal machine” to solve any mathematical problem.

Ⅲ. Analysis of the teaching material:The topic of this unit is cultural relics. Students are quite interested in topics about different cultures around the world. This is the second period of the whole unit. As a reading class, the passage mainly talks about the history of the amber room (how it was made, sent as a gift, lost and rebuilt).According to the new national curriculum, when teaching reading, much emphasis should be put on training the students’ reading skills.Ⅳ. Teaching objectives1. Language objectives:1) Students are required to master the key words and phrases occurred in the passage (e.g. amazing, decorate, belong, in return, less than etc.)2) Students are required to learn the attributive clause and acquire the sentence pattern.2. 1) Students are required to describe a certain thing by using the new sentence patterns.2) Students are required to master two kinds of reading skills—skimming and scanning, and learn to use them in their daily reading.3. 1) Students are required to know the history of the amber room.2) Students are required to appreciate cultural relics and understand the importance of protecting them.Ⅴ. Teaching important and difficult points1) the new words, phrases, and sentence pattern in the course of reading.2) Teaching difficult point: Help the students master two kinds of reading skills—skimmingand scanning and learn to apply them in daily use.Ⅵ. Teaching methods:Task-based method & Top-down model Ⅶ. Teaching aids: PPT, pictures, blackboard Ⅷ. Teaching procedure:

The oldest and the most popular park in the worldenjoy the exciting activities thereget close to the life-size cartoon characters like Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck Step 3 Pre-reading1.What do you suppose a theme park is ?2.What do you think you can see in a theme park?(1.It is a kind of amusement park which has a certain theme – that the whole park is based on. 2.buildings, castles, statues, rare animals and birds, and so on.) Step 4 Reading ----- Theme Parks –---- Fun and More Than Fun1.Predict : Read the title and the pictures on P. 34 and PredictWhat is the meaning of the title “Theme Park – Fun and more than fun”?(The title means that theme parks are fun to visit, but that they can also be educational and can offer useful information.)2.Skimming Fast read and answer:What activities can we take in a theme park?Amusement park: Bumper car Merry-go-round slide bungee jumping Free-fall rides Horror films Pirate ship Ferris wheel roller coaster3.Scanning Read again and you will find various theme parks are mentioned in the passage . Then what are they ?Theme parks: Sports theme park History theme park Culture theme park Marine or Ocean theme Park Future park Science theme park Disneyland4.Careful reading and find the main idea of each paragraph:THEME PARKS---- entertaining/ educationalPara.1 Traditional parks are places to go for relaxation and to have time away from our busy lives.Para.2 Theme parks are different They’re large and full of things to do, see and buy.Para.3 Theme parks are built around a single idea or theme. One example is a sports park.Para.4 Another kind of theme park is historical more and cultural and can be educational.Para.5 Disneylandwas the first theme park. It is based on the fantasy life and characters of Disney’s films.Para.6 Some examples of educational theme parks include sea world parks and science parks.

Language learning needs a context, which can help the learners to understand the language and then can product comprehensible output, so computer has the advantages to make the materials attractive.Part 3 Learning MethodsTask-based, self-dependent and cooperative learningPart 4 Teaching ProcedureStep One Lead-in“Interest is the best teacher.” Therefore, at the very beginning of the class, I should spark the students’ mind to focus on the centre topic “the band”. I’ll show some pictures of food to attract their attention and then bring some questions.Question:What kind of food they like?What should go into a good meal?The answers must relate to the diet. After this, the students will be eager to know something about a balance diet and this is the very time to naturally lead the class into Step 2Step 2 Reading for information: skimming and scanning In this step, I use Task-based Language Teaching method, which can give students a clear and specific purpose while skimming and scanning the context.Task 1 General ideaThe students will be asked to just glance at the title and the pictures of the passage, and then guess what they will read in the text. And they’ll be divided into groups of four to have a discussion.The purpose is to inspire the students to read actively, not passively. In addition, the task is to develop the students’ reading skill by making prediction and to encourage the students to express their thoughts in English and cooperate with each other.Task 2 Main idea of each paragraphCooperative learning can raise the students’ interest and create an atmosphere of achievement. Based on this theory, I divide the whole class into 4 groups to skim the whole text and get the main idea of each paragraph.

今天我們來介紹一下必修五第四單元的授課方式。這個單元的題目是Making the news。應(yīng)該是學(xué)生比較感興趣的話題,學(xué)生往往對新聞工作充滿好奇,所以我們可以利用這個機(jī)會多設(shè)計一些師生互動和學(xué)生互動,來激發(fā)起學(xué)習(xí)的積極性,提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。同時我們可以利用這個單元不僅幫助學(xué)生掌握語言知識,培養(yǎng)語言能力,同時讓其了解新聞工作的重要性,培養(yǎng)起社會智能感。這個單元分為六個課時,它的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是這樣的:語言目標(biāo)是掌握詞匯表中的常用單詞和短語,掌握倒裝句的一些基本用法。 技能目標(biāo)是能初步掌握約會的基本句型并在真實的場景下正確運(yùn)用。新聞報道類文章的寫作技能。采訪的基本規(guī)范和溝通技能。情感目標(biāo)是對新聞報道的客觀性和真實性有更好的理解。對新聞記者的職業(yè)有更深入的了解,并能體會其工作的重要性。下面我們來介紹一下第一課時的授課方式,第一課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是這樣的第一課時的教學(xué)目標(biāo)語言目標(biāo):單詞:Occupation, journalist, editor, photographer, curious, personality, enthusiasm

Teaching Aims:Knowledge 1. Get the students to learn the useful new words and expressions in this section. Aims:2. Let the students learn about how the UK was formed and the four groups of invaders.1. Develop students’ reading ability and let them learn different Ability reading skills. Aims:2. Enable students to learn to talk about the United Kingdom and the Union Jack Emotional 1. Let students know more about the UK2. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning Aims:Teaching Important Points:1. Let the students learn about the countries of the United Kingdom and the Union Jack2. Get the students to read the passage and know about how the UK was formed and the four groups of invaders.3. Have the students learn different reading skills.Teaching Difficult Ponts:1. Develop students’ reading ability.2. Enable students to talk about the United Kingdom and the Union Jack.3. Let students learn how the UK was formed geographically and historically.Teaching Methods:Showing pictures, asking, exercising, listening, reading etc.Teaching Aids:A computer,a projector and a blackboard.Teaching Procedures: 1) Show a map of the world, ask students the following questions:Where is the UK?What’s the full name of the UK?2) Ask the students work in pairs to do the quiz on Page 9.Do you want to test how many things you know about the United Kingdom? Let’s have a small test.Using the map on P9, students answer the following questions:?How many countries does the UK consist of? What are they??England is divided into three main areas. Do you know what they are? 1) Scanning (10Minutes )Let the students hold the questions asked in pre-reading and read the passagequickly and then let them do the following exercise.Join lines to the right answer.

本節(jié)課是人教社物理必修1第三章第三節(jié)的內(nèi)容,編排在彈力之后。該節(jié)知識既是力學(xué)的基礎(chǔ),也是組成整個高中物理知識的一塊“基石”,所以這節(jié)內(nèi)容的教學(xué)如何引領(lǐng)學(xué)生自主積極地探究摩擦力產(chǎn)生的條件和影響因素,體驗?zāi)Σ亮μ攸c(diǎn)規(guī)律的發(fā)生過程是本節(jié)課的重點(diǎn),應(yīng)高度重視本節(jié)教學(xué)過程;由于摩擦力問題的復(fù)雜性,且在具體問題中又表現(xiàn)出“動中有靜,靜中有動”,尤其靜摩擦在許多情形下似乎又是“若有若無,方向不定”,因此,對于初學(xué)者也是有一定難度的。也正是由于教材內(nèi)容的上述特點(diǎn),本節(jié)課又易于激起學(xué)生的求知欲,易于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的辯證觀點(diǎn),易于錘煉學(xué)生的物理素質(zhì)。要充分用好該節(jié)教材內(nèi)容,深入挖掘知識間的有機(jī)聯(lián)系,對學(xué)生開展針對性的思維訓(xùn)練,進(jìn)而提高學(xué)生應(yīng)用物理知識解決實際問題的能力和創(chuàng)新思維能力。高中物理《課標(biāo)》對該知識點(diǎn)的要求是,“通過實驗認(rèn)識滑動摩擦、靜摩擦的規(guī)律,能用動摩擦因數(shù)計算摩擦力”。其中,對靜摩擦力規(guī)律的認(rèn)識應(yīng)該包括最大靜摩擦力。

(一)、復(fù)習(xí)提問1、請說出功的計算公式及功的單位2、我們用哪個物理量表示物體運(yùn)動的快慢?(二)、創(chuàng)設(shè)情景,引入新課1、播放多媒體素材,用起重機(jī)和一個工人搬運(yùn)幾百塊磚比較哪一種方法好?圖中的情景說明了什么問題?(教師通過所設(shè)計的情景,將學(xué)生引入怎樣比較做功快慢,讓學(xué)生發(fā)表自己的看法,初步知道物體做功是有快慢之分的。)(三)、進(jìn)行新課1、比較做功快慢的方法播放多媒體素材并提出問題:怎樣比較兩個人誰做功快誰做功慢?教師啟發(fā):以前學(xué)習(xí)過要比較兩物體運(yùn)動的快慢,可以先確定路程再比較時間,也可以先確定時間再比較路程。在路程和時間都不同時,通過計算速度比較兩物體運(yùn)動的快慢。同理,要比較物體做功的快慢可采用什么方法?

探究一:高中階段功的含義是什么?投影:初中九年級《物理》105頁學(xué)生思考:①圖中物體的勢能、動能分別如何變化?②物體能量的變化和做功是否存在關(guān)系?學(xué)生:分組討論,得出結(jié)論:如果物體的能量發(fā)生變化時,說明有力對物體做了功。教師:進(jìn)行點(diǎn)評和小結(jié)(設(shè)計意圖:對初中知識深化理論認(rèn)識,并為以后功能關(guān)系的教學(xué)作準(zhǔn)備)探究二:力對物體做功的兩個要素是什么?情景再現(xiàn):找體重相對懸殊的兩位同學(xué),①A同學(xué)試圖抱起B(yǎng)同學(xué),但沒成功。②B同學(xué)抱起A同學(xué)在教室內(nèi)勻速走動。學(xué)生思考:在①中,A是否對B做功?在②中,B是否對A做功?學(xué)生:分析得出做功的兩要素:物體受到力的作用,并且在力的方向上發(fā)生位移.教師:讓學(xué)生分別例舉生活中力對物體做功和不做功的例子,(設(shè)計意圖:讓學(xué)生親身參與課堂實驗,烘托課堂氣氛,相互協(xié)作增進(jìn)同學(xué)情誼)探究三:如果物體的位移不再力的方向上,那么力是否還對物體做功?
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