
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.

The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.

The theme of the section is “Describe space facts and efforts to explore space”. Infinitives are one of non-finite verbs, as the subjects, objects, predicative, attributes and adverbials. This unit is about space exploration, which is a significant scientific activity, so every scientific activity has strong planning. Therefore, using the infinitives to show its purpose, explanations or restrictions is the best choice.1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use infinitives in oral and writing English. 1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use use infinitives in oral and writing English.Step 1 Lead in---Pair workLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作目的狀語(yǔ))2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space..(作目的狀語(yǔ))3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作目的狀語(yǔ))4. Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space..(作定語(yǔ))5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作定語(yǔ))Summary:1. 不定式的結(jié)構(gòu):to+do原形。2. 分析上面的句子,我們知道在描述太空探索時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式不僅可以用來(lái)表目的,還可以用來(lái)作定語(yǔ),表修飾。

4. A:We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B:↙Who?A:We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降調(diào)說(shuō)Who,其意思是問(wèn),對(duì)方想讓誰(shuí)在開(kāi)場(chǎng)時(shí)致歡迎詞。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.

【參考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!

有的學(xué)者還指出,要堅(jiān)持集體主義還必須將集體主義的價(jià)值精神與社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的要求結(jié)合起來(lái),批判地繼承計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代倡導(dǎo)的集體主義,合理地對(duì)其進(jìn)行體系結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和內(nèi)容的更新,形成新的集體主義。與傳統(tǒng)的集體主義相比,這種新的集體主義應(yīng)具有如下兩個(gè)主要特點(diǎn)。其一,強(qiáng)調(diào)集體的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是為了維護(hù)集體成員的正當(dāng)個(gè)人利益。傳統(tǒng)的集體主義具有片面強(qiáng)調(diào)集體至上性、絕對(duì)性的弊端;新的集體主義必須依據(jù)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)要求,將集體應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)個(gè)人承擔(dān)的義務(wù)加以科學(xué)的闡釋。真正的集體應(yīng)該維護(hù)各個(gè)集體成員的個(gè)人利益,實(shí)現(xiàn)組成集體的各個(gè)主體的自我價(jià)值。這種新型的集體主義是對(duì)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下社會(huì)關(guān)系的真實(shí)反映,既與個(gè)人主義有本質(zhì)區(qū)別,也不同于傳統(tǒng)的集體主義。其二,要體現(xiàn)道德要求的先進(jìn)性與廣泛性的統(tǒng)一。

不可知論是否認(rèn)人們認(rèn)識(shí)世界或徹底改造世界的可能性的哲學(xué)學(xué)說(shuō)。此概念首先由英國(guó)的赫胥黎(1825—1895)于1869年提出,不可知論的思想在古代就已產(chǎn)生,歐洲近代的主要代表是休謨和康德。其本質(zhì)是把人的感覺(jué)看作是主觀和客觀之間的屏障而不是橋梁,不承認(rèn)在感覺(jué)之外有確實(shí)可靠的客觀外部世界的存在,不懂得認(rèn)識(shí)過(guò)程中本質(zhì)與現(xiàn)象、有限與無(wú)限的辯證關(guān)系。對(duì)不可知論最有力的駁斥是實(shí)踐。有時(shí)不可知論一詞也用以專指針對(duì)宗教教義而提出的一種學(xué)說(shuō),認(rèn)為上帝是否存在、靈魂是否不朽是不可知的。2.二元論二元論是認(rèn)為世界有兩個(gè)本原的哲學(xué)學(xué)說(shuō),與一元論相對(duì)立,它把物質(zhì)和意識(shí)絕對(duì)對(duì)立起來(lái),認(rèn)為物質(zhì)和意識(shí)是兩個(gè)各自獨(dú)立、相互平行發(fā)展著的實(shí)體,誰(shuí)也不產(chǎn)生誰(shuí),誰(shuí)也不決定誰(shuí),都是世界的本原。它的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的:它肯定精神不依賴于物質(zhì)而獨(dú)立存在,這本身就是唯心主義的觀點(diǎn);它雖然承認(rèn)物質(zhì)是獨(dú)立的本原,但在說(shuō)明物質(zhì)和精神的關(guān)系時(shí),又把精神說(shuō)成是唯一具有能動(dòng)性的力量,必然倒向唯心主義。主要代表人物是法國(guó)的笛卡兒和德國(guó)的康德。

7、人總是按照自己對(duì)周圍世界和人生的理解做事。有人認(rèn)為命由天定,因而身處困境只是消極等待、逆來(lái)順受;有人認(rèn)為人定勝天,因而在困難面前積極奮爭(zhēng)、不屈不撓。以上材料說(shuō)明( )A哲學(xué)源于人們對(duì)實(shí)踐的追問(wèn)和對(duì)世界的思考B世界觀決定方法論,方法論體現(xiàn)著世界觀C哲學(xué)不等于自發(fā)的世界觀D哲學(xué)是關(guān)于世界觀的學(xué)說(shuō)8、世界觀和方法論的關(guān)系是()A世界觀和方法論相互決定B方法論決定世界觀,世界觀體現(xiàn)方法論 C世界觀決定方法論,方法論體現(xiàn)世界觀 D世界觀和方法論相互影響,相互決定9、下列關(guān)于哲學(xué)、世界觀、具體知識(shí)之間聯(lián)系的正確說(shuō)法是()A哲學(xué)是關(guān)于世界觀和具體知識(shí)的統(tǒng)一B哲學(xué)就是科學(xué)的世界觀和具體知識(shí)C哲學(xué)是關(guān)于世界觀的學(xué)說(shuō),是具體知識(shí)的概括和總結(jié)D哲學(xué)決定世界觀,世界觀決定具體知識(shí)10、下列對(duì)哲學(xué)的認(rèn)識(shí),不正確的是()A哲學(xué)是關(guān)于世界觀的學(xué)說(shuō)B哲學(xué)是世界觀和方法論的統(tǒng)一C哲學(xué)是理論化、系統(tǒng)化、科學(xué)化的世界觀D哲學(xué)是對(duì)具體知識(shí)的概括和總結(jié)

一、知識(shí)和技能1.了解鋒面系統(tǒng)、低壓系統(tǒng)、高壓系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)2.理解氣旋與反氣旋的形成過(guò)程、氣流運(yùn)動(dòng)特點(diǎn),掌握氣旋、反氣旋氣流運(yùn)動(dòng)的規(guī)律性3.使學(xué)生掌握氣旋和反氣旋控制下的天氣狀況二、過(guò)程和方法1.掌握各天氣系統(tǒng)活動(dòng)規(guī)律和處在不同天氣系統(tǒng)及其不同部位的天氣特點(diǎn),利用天氣圖進(jìn)行天氣形勢(shì)分析預(yù)報(bào)2.能夠說(shuō)明這些天氣系統(tǒng)是如何對(duì)所到達(dá)地區(qū)的天氣產(chǎn)生影響的,能夠結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)厍闆r分析學(xué)校所在地曾經(jīng)發(fā)生的災(zāi)害性天氣及其影響下的天氣系統(tǒng)3.通過(guò)研究氣旋和反氣旋的形成過(guò)程,使學(xué)生初步具備研究問(wèn)題的方法與步驟4.通過(guò)對(duì)冷鋒與暖鋒天氣系統(tǒng)的對(duì)比分析來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)學(xué)生地理綜合分析能力的提高。通過(guò)對(duì)鋒面氣旋的分析來(lái)建立地理空間思維的習(xí)慣三、情感、態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀1.通過(guò)本節(jié)課學(xué)習(xí),讓學(xué)生懂得學(xué)科學(xué)、愛(ài)科學(xué),獻(xiàn)身氣象事業(yè),為“四化”建設(shè)服務(wù)

氣候變化對(duì)健康的影響 氣候變化對(duì)人體健康的不良影響是不難發(fā)現(xiàn)的:熱浪沖擊頻繁加重可致死亡率及某些疾病、特別是心臟呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病發(fā)病率增加;對(duì)氣候變化敏感的傳染性疾病如瘧疾和登革熱的傳播范圍可能增加。極端氣候事件, 如干旱、水災(zāi)、暴風(fēng)雨等, 使死亡率、傷殘率及傳染病疾病率上升, 并增加社會(huì)心理壓力。某些媒介疾病的加重也可能與氣候變化有間接的關(guān)系, 如瘧疾是通過(guò)蚊子傳播的疾病,氣候變化可能使某些變暖地區(qū)的蚊子數(shù)目增加, 從而加重了瘧疾的發(fā)生。我國(guó)1994年瘧疾的發(fā)病率為5.3408/10萬(wàn), 居全國(guó)法定傳染病的第六位。血吸蟲(chóng)病的發(fā)展與高溫及灌溉系統(tǒng)的擴(kuò)增有關(guān)。我國(guó)1994年南方12省市血吸蟲(chóng)病患者的檢出率高達(dá)3.67%,不能忽視氣候變化對(duì)此的可能影響。還有一些疾病,如睡眠病、登革熱、黑熱病等也有與氣候關(guān)系的報(bào)道。另外, CO2、一些空氣污染物如氮氧化物、臭氧等可增加過(guò)敏疾患及心臟呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病和死亡。

一、明確課標(biāo)要求1.了解褶皺的概念和褶皺的基本形態(tài);2.了解褶皺山的形成和褶皺山的基本形態(tài)特征;3.能夠在不同的示意圖中識(shí)別和判讀背斜與向斜;4.知道和理解斷層的概念和斷塊山的形成,了解斷塊山的基本形態(tài)特征;5.知道火山的形成、結(jié)構(gòu)和規(guī)模。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)知識(shí)目標(biāo):1.結(jié)合具體圖像,了解褶皺山的形成及基本形態(tài)特征。2.能在示意圖上識(shí)別和判斷背斜和向斜。3.理解內(nèi)外力共同作用下形成的“背斜成谷,向斜成山”,并能夠明白其形成的原因。4.能夠結(jié)合實(shí)例,理解斷塊山的形成及基本特征。5.知道火山的形成、結(jié)構(gòu)和規(guī)模。過(guò)程與方法目標(biāo):1.結(jié)合實(shí)例,分析造成地表形態(tài)變化的內(nèi)力、外力因素。2.通過(guò)案例,嘗試聯(lián)系實(shí)際,培養(yǎng)動(dòng)手演示、判讀圖像、比較、分析、歸納的能力。

【補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明】我們這節(jié)課簡(jiǎn)要地分析了陸地環(huán)境的三種地域分異規(guī)律。實(shí)際上,世界上的任何事物有其一般性,也有它的特 殊性。在地帶性分異規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上,陸地環(huán)境因?yàn)槭艿胶j懛植?、地?起伏等因素的影響,也會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些不規(guī)律的現(xiàn)象,這種現(xiàn)象稱為非地帶性。例如,我們?cè)诔踔械乩碇袑W(xué)過(guò)綠洲。還記得什么叫綠洲嗎?再比如,在南美洲的西海岸(太平洋沿岸),有一條狹長(zhǎng)的(熱帶)荒漠帶,而缺少熱帶草原帶,熱帶雨林帶主要是分布在赤道以北地區(qū)。這主要是受大的地形起伏的影響。因?yàn)槟厦乐尬鞑渴且涣懈叽蟮陌驳谒股矫},受其影響,兩邊的氣候狀況不同,所以就出現(xiàn)了分布規(guī)律不同的自然帶,這也是一種非地帶性現(xiàn)象?!究偨Y(jié)】有規(guī)律分布的自然帶構(gòu)成了全球和諧的自然環(huán)境整體。自然帶之間錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的、微妙的要素關(guān)系,有許多是人類還沒(méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)到的。因此,人類不能隨意去破壞任何哪怕是極微小的環(huán)節(jié),也許它 帶來(lái)的影響會(huì)是全球性的。保護(hù)全球環(huán)境,人人有責(zé)。

一、知識(shí)和技能1.使學(xué)生能夠正確認(rèn)識(shí)太陽(yáng)的基本特征及其外部結(jié)構(gòu);2.了解太陽(yáng)能量的來(lái)源,理解太陽(yáng)是地球的主要能量源;3.了解太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)(主要是黑子和耀斑)對(duì)地球的影響。二、過(guò)程和方法1.能通過(guò)展示的圖片理解太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)增強(qiáng)時(shí)會(huì)使地球無(wú)線電短波通訊受干擾及產(chǎn)生磁暴現(xiàn)象的原因。2.通過(guò)對(duì)各種資料的觀察以及課前室外的觀測(cè),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獲取地理信息的能力和分析、判斷、推理等邏輯思維能力三、情感、態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀培養(yǎng)學(xué)生樹(shù)立正確的人地觀、科學(xué)的宇宙觀,和熱愛(ài)科學(xué)勇于探索的精神【教學(xué)重點(diǎn)】1.知道太陽(yáng)輻射對(duì)地球的影響; 2.知道太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)對(duì)地球的影響;3.太陽(yáng)的外部結(jié)構(gòu)和能量來(lái)源【教學(xué)難點(diǎn)】太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)(黑子和耀斑)對(duì)地球的影響

1.根據(jù)下面的圖文資料,說(shuō)明前蘇聯(lián)墾荒區(qū)土壤風(fēng)蝕的潛在自然背景。并說(shuō)明人們的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)怎樣加劇了這個(gè)過(guò)程。點(diǎn)撥:對(duì)圖2.16的分析,要知道”墾荒地區(qū)”處于亞歐大 陸的中部偏北的地方,雖處于西風(fēng)帶但遠(yuǎn)離水汽來(lái)源,故降水稀少。從其周邊的內(nèi)陸湖“里?!?、“咸?!钡姆植继攸c(diǎn),可以推斷,這是一個(gè)半荒漠向干草原的過(guò)渡地帶,是一個(gè)生態(tài)環(huán)境比較脆弱的地區(qū),其自然地理狀況必定是寒冷、干旱、大風(fēng)。2.20世紀(jì)60年代中期以來(lái),前蘇聯(lián)在總結(jié)大規(guī)模墾荒經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)的基礎(chǔ)上,采取了一系列綜合防護(hù)措施。仔細(xì)分析這些措施,你認(rèn)為該地區(qū)防治荒漠化(土壤風(fēng)蝕)的主要方向是什么?點(diǎn)撥:要善于將所列四項(xiàng)保護(hù)措施逐條進(jìn)行分析,而后進(jìn)行歸納,不難找出它們之間的共同的東西,那就是“抗旱、防風(fēng)、保水、保土、保肥”。3.根據(jù)所學(xué)知識(shí),你認(rèn)為前蘇聯(lián)墾荒區(qū)防治荒漠化的對(duì)策與措施可以被我國(guó)的哪些地區(qū)所借鑒。

從右圖“進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易占全國(guó)的比重”可看出,珠三角地區(qū)的外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)特征很明顯,但正在緩慢的發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變;而長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)的外貿(mào)依存度在10年內(nèi)迅速增長(zhǎng)。由此可見(jiàn),珠三角地區(qū)城市化過(guò)程,是伴隨著該地特殊的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展相對(duì)自發(fā)地快速推進(jìn),缺乏宏觀而理性的規(guī)劃。閱讀通過(guò)此閱讀材料,使學(xué)生大致了解以下內(nèi)容深圳作為珠江三角洲地區(qū)迅速城市化的一個(gè)典型代表,到目前為止,對(duì)其未來(lái)發(fā)展道路的構(gòu)想,主要集中在:如何聯(lián)合和依托臨近區(qū)域、聯(lián)合優(yōu)勢(shì)資源,擴(kuò)大發(fā)展空間;如何明確功能,重新定位,合理分工,突出特色。活動(dòng)長(zhǎng)江三角洲地區(qū)城市的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展1.讀圖4.28,如果按人口規(guī)模>500萬(wàn)人、100萬(wàn)~500萬(wàn)人、50萬(wàn)~100萬(wàn)人、20萬(wàn)~50萬(wàn)人和<20萬(wàn)人將城市分為五級(jí)的話,分析長(zhǎng)江三角洲地區(qū)城市的等級(jí)規(guī)模結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理,這對(duì)其城市的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展有何影響?

1.閱讀圖5.16,說(shuō)明產(chǎn)業(yè)向國(guó)外轉(zhuǎn)移對(duì)日本經(jīng)濟(jì)的不利影響。點(diǎn)撥:圖5.16直觀的顯示了產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移對(duì)日本經(jīng)濟(jì)的不利影響:形成“產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移出去的多,轉(zhuǎn)移進(jìn)來(lái)的少→國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)投資不足,生產(chǎn)困難→市場(chǎng)萎縮→產(chǎn)業(yè)向外轉(zhuǎn)移,外資不愿進(jìn)入”的惡性循環(huán)。2.盡管重化工業(yè)的環(huán)境污染比較嚴(yán)重,但是卻能為工業(yè)化的發(fā)展提供堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),因此成為發(fā)達(dá)工業(yè)的象征。日本、韓國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展都經(jīng)歷了由輕工業(yè)(勞動(dòng)密集型)到重化工業(yè)(資源密集型和資金密集型)到高科技工業(yè)(技術(shù)密集型)的階段。(1)為什么日本、韓國(guó)在重點(diǎn)發(fā)展重化工業(yè)之前,要先發(fā)展勞動(dòng)密集型工業(yè)?點(diǎn)撥:重化工業(yè)的發(fā)展一方面需要有一定的工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)和技術(shù)工人,另一方面需要投入大量的資金,先發(fā)展勞動(dòng)密集型工業(yè)有利于利用勞動(dòng)力資源豐富且廉價(jià)的優(yōu)勢(shì),積累資金和造就產(chǎn)業(yè)工人。所以,勞動(dòng)力豐富的發(fā)展中國(guó)家或地區(qū)的工業(yè)化往往從優(yōu)先發(fā)展勞動(dòng)密集型工業(yè)開(kāi)始。

2.陌生人初次見(jiàn)面打招呼What’s your name?(What’s = What is)Alan./I’m Alan./My name is AlanMiller.(first name,last name = family name)Are you Helen?Yes, I am.Niceto meet you.(這里的Iam 不能縮寫(xiě))Nice to meetyou, too.What’s his name?His name isJim.Is she Linda?

一、語(yǔ)文學(xué)習(xí)中學(xué)生自我評(píng)價(jià)能力的培養(yǎng)1.營(yíng)造氛圍,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自我評(píng)價(jià)的意識(shí)。學(xué)生自我評(píng)價(jià)能力是教師長(zhǎng)期培養(yǎng)的結(jié)果,而保護(hù)學(xué)生自我評(píng)價(jià)的熱情,更是持續(xù)自我評(píng)價(jià)的保證。在我們的實(shí)際教育教學(xué)中,教師一直處于評(píng)價(jià)的絕對(duì)主體,很少去關(guān)注學(xué)生自我評(píng)價(jià)意識(shí)和能力的培養(yǎng),學(xué)生常常不理解:為什么要認(rèn)真聽(tīng)講?為什么書(shū)寫(xiě)要工整、為什么發(fā)言要積極?為什么老師、父母對(duì)考試分?jǐn)?shù)會(huì)有那么高的要求?當(dāng)前出現(xiàn)的學(xué)生許多諸如“離家出走”、“毒殺親人”等教育、行為、品德方面的問(wèn)題,我想其中除了家長(zhǎng)、教師的評(píng)價(jià)意識(shí)和評(píng)價(jià)藝術(shù)等原因之外,學(xué)生的自我評(píng)價(jià)意識(shí)的缺乏是根本的原因。所以我認(rèn)為,學(xué)生自我評(píng)價(jià)意識(shí)的培養(yǎng)刻不容緩。(1)熱情鼓勵(lì),提供成功的心理體驗(yàn)。在教學(xué)過(guò)程中,教師要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)、肯定學(xué)生自我評(píng)價(jià)的點(diǎn)滴進(jìn)步,對(duì)于他們每一點(diǎn)進(jìn)步都要真誠(chéng)熱情地鼓勵(lì)。讓學(xué)生覺(jué)得我這么做,這么想是對(duì)的。讓學(xué)生在教師的鼓勵(lì)中體會(huì)到強(qiáng)烈的愛(ài),感受到自己的進(jìn)步,增強(qiáng)自己的信心?!靶娜粼?,夢(mèng)就在!”教師的熱情鼓勵(lì)是一種強(qiáng)大的催化劑,促使學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中樂(lè)于自我評(píng)價(jià)。

知識(shí)與技能1、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生初步掌握稱謂語(yǔ)、禁忌語(yǔ)、委婉語(yǔ)等交際語(yǔ)言;2、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境條件運(yùn)用不同的交際語(yǔ)言,達(dá)到交際目的。過(guò)程與方法1、通過(guò)故事或習(xí)題分析,掌握有關(guān)交際語(yǔ)言的一些知識(shí);2、講練結(jié)合,有所積累。情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀點(diǎn)燃學(xué)生繼承中華傳統(tǒng)文化的熱情,以得體的交際語(yǔ)言營(yíng)造良好的人際環(huán)境。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)根據(jù)交際中運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的要求,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)不同的語(yǔ)境條件恰當(dāng)?shù)乇砬檫_(dá)意。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)通過(guò)課內(nèi)探索延伸至課外,積累關(guān)于交際中的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的一些知識(shí)。教學(xué)課時(shí):一課時(shí)教學(xué)過(guò)程一、導(dǎo)入利用一道口語(yǔ)交際訓(xùn)練題引入本節(jié)課要探究的內(nèi)容。例1:下面的場(chǎng)合,如果班長(zhǎng)既想達(dá)到批評(píng)的目的,又想把話說(shuō)得委婉些,表達(dá)恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是(C)小李和小楊,為了一點(diǎn)小事,兩人自習(xí)課上大聲地爭(zhēng)吵起來(lái)。這時(shí),班長(zhǎng)說(shuō):A、你們這樣大聲爭(zhēng)吵,影響很壞。B、你們這樣大聲爭(zhēng)吵,難道不感到羞恥吧?

交談時(shí)雙方的空間距離也有一定講究。和朋友談話、和陌生人談話、和異性談話、招呼長(zhǎng)者和上級(jí),都需要有一個(gè)合適的距離。如果上級(jí)故意“縮減”與下級(jí)人員通常談話時(shí)的距離,那是表示對(duì)下級(jí)的關(guān)切。說(shuō)話的時(shí)候需要一面想,一面說(shuō),為了控制說(shuō)話的主動(dòng)權(quán),免得被別人插人、打斷,人們可以使用“唔”“啊”之類的音節(jié),表示“話還沒(méi)有說(shuō)完,你別著急”之類的意思。空白也表示意思,在說(shuō)唱藝術(shù)中,什么時(shí)候停頓,停多久,都有講究,以便使交際更有成效。這就是說(shuō),空間和時(shí)間的因素也在交際中得到了適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)用。所以,各種伴隨動(dòng)作也是交際的工具。它們一般都是在語(yǔ)言的基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生的。即使像“察顏觀色”這一類特定的交際方式,也必須有語(yǔ)言的交際為基礎(chǔ),預(yù)先有了一定的了解,對(duì)方才能領(lǐng)會(huì)??傊?,在上述的種種交際工具當(dāng)中,身勢(shì)等伴隨動(dòng)作是非語(yǔ)言的交際工具;旗語(yǔ)之類是建立在語(yǔ)言、文字基礎(chǔ)之上的輔助性交際工具;文字是建立在語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)之上的一種最重要的輔助交際工具;
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